Determination of haemolysis type is an important technique used in microbiology and medical
diagnostics. The haemolytic patterns of various Gram positive cocci (e.g. Streptococci) may be
differentiated by haemolysis of red blood cells on blood agar plates.
Alpha haemolysis is shown by a greenish halo around the colony and is produced by partial
haemolysis of the red blood cells. Beta haemolysis is shown by a clear halo around the colony
and is produced by complete haemolysis of the red blood cells.
Gamma haemolysis is shown as
no haemolysis or discolouration of the blood. For production of high quality blood agar precise
control of dispensing temperature and the time the blood remains at the dispensing temperature
are crucial parameters to minimise lysing of blood cells. With lysing of blood cells, the agar
changes from a typical light red to a brown colour, which can complicate determination of
haemolysis type.